Practices to be done with the Isothermal Reactor with Distillation (QRIA/D):

34.- Determination of the ionic conductivities.
35.- Discontinuous operation.

Obtaining of the reaction order respect to ethyl-acetate. Initial velocity method.
36.- Discontinuous operation. Obtaining of the reaction order respect to sodium hydroxide.Initial velocity method.

37.- Discontinuous operation. Velocity Constant Computation.

Constant sodium hydroxide initial concentration.
38.- Discontinuous Operation. Velocity Constant
Computation. Constant ethyl-acetate initial concentration.
39.- Velocity equation formulation.
40.- Discontinuous Operation. Variation of the kinetic constant with temperature.

Arrhenius Equation.
41.- Discontinuous Operation. Theoretical and experimental conversion comparative.

Deviation from ideality.
42.- Discontinuous Operation. Mixture effects.
43.- Continuous Operation.
44.- Continuous Operation. Mixture effects.
45.- Measurement conductivity system: conductimeter.
46.- Study of the reactive distillation.
47.- Study of alcohols condensation.
48.- Study of the organic anhydrides.
49.- Synthesis of esters.
50.- Calibration of the temperature sensors.
51.- Calibration of the conductivity cell.
52-70.- Practices with PLC

100.- Determination of the ionic conductivities.
101.- Discontinuous work. Calculation of the order of the reaction referred to the ethyl-acetate. Initial velocity method.

102.- Discontinuous operation. Determination of the order of the reaction referred to the sodium hydroxide. Initial velocity method.

103.- Discontinuous operation.

Determination of the speed constant, the initial concentration of the sodium hydroxide is constant.
104.- Discontinuous operation.

Determination of the speed constant, the initial concentration of the ethyl acetate is constant.
105.- Formulation of the speed equation.
106.- Discontinuous operation.

Variation of the kinetic constant when the temperature is not constant: Arrhenius equation.
107.- Discontinuous operation.

Comparison of the theoretical and the experimental conversion: Deviation from the ideality.
108.- Calculation of the heat transference coefficient of the coil.
109.- Calculation of the hydrolysis reaction enthalpy.
110.- Discontinuous operation. Mixture effects.
111.- Continuous operation.
112.- Measurement conductivity system: conductimeter.
113.- Calibration of the temperature sensors.
114.- Calibration of the flow sensor.
115.- Calibration of the conductivity sensor.
116-134.- Practices with PLC.

71.- Analysis of reagents and products.
72.- Ionic conductivities determination.
73.- Theoretical conversion of the tubular reactor.
74.- Experimental determination of the conversion of the tubular reactor.
75.- Dependence in the residence time.
76.- Determination of the reaction order.
77.- Dependence of the speed constant and the conversion with the temperature.
78.- Measurement conductivity system: conductimeter.
79.- Complete emptying of the unit.
80.- Calibration of the temperature sensors.
81-99.- Practices with PLC.

135.- Determination of the ionic conductivities.
136.- Work with just one reactor in continuous.
137.- Work with just one reactor in continuous with mixture effects.
138.- Work with 3 reactors in continuous.
139.- Calibration of the temperature sensors.
140.- Calibration of the conductivity cell.
141-159.- Practices with PLC.

1. QRUBI. Base Service Unit:

This unit is common for Chemical Reactors and can work with one or several reactors. It supplies all the services for the operation of each reactor. 2 Dosing pumps, computer controlled. 3 Tanks of 10 l.: two for the reagents and the other for the product. 2 Flow meters for liquids. Flow meter for gas. Thermostatic bath that regulates the temperature.  Level switch. A pump, computer controlled, to impel the water that comes from the thermostatic bath and goes to the reactor. Temperature sensor to get the temperature of the reactor in a continuos way. Temperature control thought the computer. Control system of the reaction. The control of the reaction is carry out by means of a conductivity cell and a conductimeter, connected to the control interface box. 

Dimensions (approx.)= mm. Weight: 100 Kg.

2. QRQC/CIB.Control Interface Box:

This is common for Chemical Reactors and can work with one or several reactors. It has a process diagram in the front panel. The unit control elements are permanently computer controlled. Simultaneous visualization in the PC of all parameters involved in the process. Calibration of all sensors involved in the process. Real time curves representation. All the actuators’ values can be changed at any time from the keyboard. Shield and filtered signals to avoid external interferences. Real time PID control with flexibility of modifications from the PC keyboard of the PID parameters, at any moment during the process. Open control allowing modifications, at any moment and in real time, of parameters involved in the process. 3 safety levels: one mechanical in the unit, electronic in the control interface, and the third one in the control software. 

Dimensions (approx.): 490 x 330 x 310 mm. Weight: 10 Kg

3. DAB. Data Acquisition Board: 

PCI Express Data acquisition National Instruments board. 16 Analog inputs. Sampling rate up to: 250 KS/s. 2 Analog outputs. 24 Digital Inputs/Outputs.

4. Chemical Reactors: 

4.1. QRIA. Isothermal Reactor with Stirrer:

Anodized aluminum structure and panels of painted steel.
Diagram in the front panel with similar distribution to the elements in the real unit.
Reactor insulated made of Pyrex-glass, with a maximum volume of 2 l.
Inlets of reagents. Outlet of products. Conductivity cell connection. Water outlet. Water inlet.
Temperature sensor connection. Gas inlet. Gas outlet.
Agitation system with agitation speed control.
Temperature sensor. Conductivity sensor.
Safety, easy and quick connections.
This unit is supplied with 8 manuals.

Computer Control + Data Acquisition + Data Management Software for Isothermal Reactor with Stirrer (QRIA):
Flexible, open and multicontrol software. Management, processing, comparison and storage of data. Sampling velocity up to 250 KS/s (kilo samples per second).

It allows the registration of the alarms state and the graphic representation in real time. Dimensions (approx.)= mm. Weight: 50 Kg.

4.2. QRIA/D. Isothermal Reactor with Distillation:

Anodized aluminum structure and panels of painted steel.
Diagram in the front panel with similar distribution to the elements in the real unit.
Reactor insulated made of Pyrex-glass, with a maximum volume of 2 l.
Inlets of reagents. Outlet of products. Conductivity cell connection. Water outlet. Water inlet.
Temperature sensor connection. Gas inlet. Gas outlet.
Agitation system with agitation speed control.
Distillation column. Balls coolant. Coil coolant. Vacuum pump. Vacuum tramp. Graduated funnel.
Temperature sensors. Conductivity sensor.
Safety, easy and quick connections.
This unit is supplied with 8 manuals.
Computer Control + Data Acquisition + Data Management Software for Isothermal Reactor with Distillation (QRIA/D):
Flexible, open and multicontrol software. Management, processing, comparison and storage of data. Sampling velocity up to 250 KS/s (kilo samples per second). It allows the registration of the alarms state and the graphic representation in real time.
Dimensions (approx.)= mm. Weight: 70 Kg. 750 x 500 x 700 cal Engineering

4.3. QRFT. Tubular Flow Reactor:

Anodized aluminum structure and panels of painted steel.
Diagram in the front panel with similar distribution to the elements in the real unit.
Temperature controlled by a jacket of water, through a temperature sensor “J” type.
Electrical pre-heater for both feeding lines.
Reactor with inner coil made of teflon of 6mm of interior diameter, length 14.5 m, volume: 0.393 l.
Temperature sensor “J” type , that controls the preheating temperature.
Conductivity sensor.
Safety, easy and quick connections.
This unit is supplied with 8 manuals.
Computer Control + Data Acquisition + Data Management Software for Tubular Flow Reactor (QRFT):
Flexible, open and multicontrol software. Management, processing, comparison and storage of data. Sampling velocity up to 250 KS/s (kilo samples per second). It allows the registration of the alarms state and the graphic representation in real time.
Dimensions (approx.)= mm. Weight: 75 Kg. 700 x 500 x 500

4.4. QRAD. Adiabatic and Isothermal Reactor:

Anodized aluminum structure and panels of painted steel.
Diagram in the front panel with similar distribution to the elements in the real unit.
3 Reactors insulated made of Pyrex-glass, with a maximum volume of 1 l. each one.
Agitation system with agitation speed control, for each reactor.
3 Temperature sensors.
Conductivity sensors.
Safety, easy and quick connections.
This unit is supplied with 8 manuals.
Computer Control + Data Acquisition + Data Management Software for Reactors with Stirrer in Series (QRSA):
Flexible, open and multicontrol software. Management, processing, comparison and storage of data. Sampling velocity up to 250 KS/s (kilo samples per second). It allows the registration of the alarms state and the graphic representation in real time.
Dimensions (approx.) = mm. Weight: 100 Kg. 1000 x 1000 x 1000

4.5. QRSA. Reactors with Stirrer in Series:

Anodized aluminum structure and panels of painted steel.
Diagram in the front panel with similar distribution to the elements in the real unit.
3 Reactors insulated made of Pyrex-glass, with a maximum volume of 1 l. each one.
Agitation system with agitation speed control, for each reactor.
3 Temperature sensors.
Conductivity sensors.
Safety, easy and quick connections.
This unit is supplied with 8 manuals.
Computer Control + Data Acquisition + Data Management Software for Reactors with Stirrer in Series (QRSA):
Flexible, open and multicontrol software. Management, processing, comparison and storage of data. Sampling velocity up to 250 KS/s (kilo samples per second). It allows the registration of the alarms state and the graphic representation in real time.
Dimensions (approx.) = mm. Weight: 100 Kg. 1000 x 1000 x 1000